@Article{KishoreVVSBCSBB:2014:LoTrOb,
               author = "Kishore, P. and Venkat Ratnam, M. and Velicogna, I. and Sivakumar, 
                         V. and Bencherif, H. and Clemesha, Barclay Robert and Simonich, 
                         Dale Martin and Batista, Paulo Prado and Beig, G.",
          affiliation = "Department of Earth System Science, University of California, 
                         Irvine, CA, 92697, United States and National Atmospheric Research 
                         Laboratory (NARL), Department of Space, Gadanki, India and 
                         Department of Earth System Science, University of California, 
                         Irvine, CA, 92697, United States and School of Chemistry and 
                         Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa and 
                         Laboratoire de l'Atmosph{\`e}re et des Cyclones, Universit{\'e} 
                         de la R{\'e}union, Reunion-Island, France and {Instituto Nacional 
                         de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, 
                         Pune, India",
                title = "Long-term trends observed in the middle atmosphere temperatures 
                         using ground based LIDARs and satellite borne measurements",
              journal = "Annales Geophysicae",
                 year = "2014",
               volume = "32",
               number = "3",
                pages = "301--317",
             keywords = "air temperature, atmospheric dynamics, El Nino-Southern 
                         Oscillation, lidar, mesosphere, meteorology, middle atmosphere, 
                         solar cycle, stratosphere, time series, trend analysis, Brazil, 
                         Gadanki, India, Mascarene Islands, Pacific Ocean, Pacific Ocean 
                         (East), Pacific Ocean (West), Reunion, Santa Catarina, Sao Jose, 
                         Tamil Nadu.",
             abstract = "Long-term data available from Lidar systems located at three 
                         different locations namely S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos, Brazil 
                         (23.2° S, 45.8° W), Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E) and Reunion (20.8° 
                         S, 55.5° E) have been used to investigate the long-term variations 
                         like Annual, Semi-annual, Quasi-biennial, El Nino Southern 
                         Oscillation and solar cycle. These oscillations are also extracted 
                         from simultaneous satellite borne measurements of HALogen 
                         Occultation Experiment (HALOE) instrument onboard UARS and SABER 
                         onboard TIMED over these stations making largest time series 
                         covering the entire middle atmosphere. A good agreement is found 
                         between the LIDAR and satellite-derived amplitudes and phases 
                         between 30 and 65 km altitude, which suggests that satellite 
                         measurements can be used to investigate the long-term trends 
                         globally. Latter measurements are extended to 80 km in order to 
                         further investigate these oscillations. Large difference in the 
                         amplitudes between the eastern pacific and western pacific is 
                         noticed in these oscillations. Changing from cooling trends in the 
                         stratosphere to warming trends in the mesosphere occurs more or 
                         less at altitude around 70 km altitude and this result agrees well 
                         with that observed by satellite measurements reported in the 
                         literature. The peak in the cooling trend does not occur at a 
                         fixed altitude in the stratosphere however maximum warming trend 
                         is observed around 75 km at all the stations. The observed 
                         long-term trends including various oscillations are compared with 
                         that reported with various techniques. © Author(s) 2014. CC 
                         Attribution 3.0 License.",
                  doi = "10.5194/angeo-32-301-2014",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-301-2014",
                 issn = "0992-7689",
                label = "scopus 2014-05 KishoreVVSBCSBB:2014:LoTrOb",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "2014angeo_KishoreLongTermTrends.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}